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dc motor speed controller schematic

This triac-based 220V AC motor speed controller circuit is designed for controlling the speed of small household motors like drill machines. The speed of the motor can be controlled by changing the setting of P1. The setting of P1 determines the phase of the trigger pulse that fires the triac. The circuit incorporates a self-stabilizing technique that maintains the speed of the motor even when it is loaded.

220VAC Motor Speed Controller Schematic

dc motor speed controller schematic

For example, when the motor of the drill machine is slowed down by the resistance of the drilled object, the counter-EMF of the motor also decreases. This results to a voltage increase in R2-P1 and C3 causing the triac to be triggered earlier and the speed increases accordingly.

Related Products: Motors | AC Motors | Brushless DC Motors

Printed circuit board layout of the motor speed controller
motor speed controller pcb

Another version found here.

motor speed control

If the main use for this circuit is to control the brightness of a light bulb, RS and CS are not necessary.

91 Comments

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  • tumpelo78gmail-com

    Is that compatible for ac fan motor?

  • vougiouklis

    I would like to congratulate and thank you for your WWW.

    Please forgive my naivety for my questions.

    1. I hope to use the SC to slow down a fan 45 Watts, may I use the ordinary small parts used by amateurs?

    2. I found a discrepancy between the diagrams of the main 2 similar images and the small one #4 image.

    In the main image L1 on the left is connected with C2 and R1 in the small image is connected with C3 and C4, am I right? what I have to do?

    3. In the small image R3 ends unconnected.

    4. I suppose that I have to connect the line to R3, am I right?

  • agustindazagmail-com

    Has anyone else noted the noise generated by the AC motor when controlling using a Triac with phase shift?

    Has anyone experimented with the Snubber circuit (C1, C2 and R1 in the original circuit above) to try to minimize the electrical noise on the motor?
    Any success?

  • shinekprabymail-com

    Dear Sir,
    Happy new year
    I used this circuit in my washing machine, it gets desirable speed for spin but for wash (when I reduced and set the speed in potentiometer) it is not starting as it does not get the required surge.When I move the potentiometer, it runs in more speed then I reduced the speed by turning the potentiometer and switched off the motor.Now the position of the potentiometer is perfect as per the speed I required but when I start it again it does not start as it does not gets enough surge. I have used 500K potentiometer.Can you please suggest, which components should I used to get enough surge in more resistance.

    Thanks,
    Shine

  • haythem

    Hi My Dear I need to control this with Arduino with time can you help me ?

  • jon-matiszyahoo-ca

    just wondering what the values would be for 120v mains and 1hp motor?
    I’m going to try to convert a washing machine universal motor to a wood lath drive.

    thanks

    • davidcyr2000

      Reference the 3rd schematic above: https://www.electroschematics.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/motor-speed-control.gif
      Several people have asked what component values would be required to operate on 110-120VAC, myself included! So, here is my version of this speed control for 110VAC operation. The component values that I figure need changing are those that determine the charge rate of the phase shift circuit feeding the Diac. Those would be the 3K3 resistor and the 500K pot. Both should be cut in half since only half the voltage is charging the phase shift circuit (15K and 2 x 100 nF). Given the Rs/Cs are filtering 110 vs. 220, I thought it might be a good idea to change Rs to 47 ohms and double the capacitance of Cs. Cf could also be doubled. When I bread-boarded this circuit, I noticed that the 250K pot (500K/2) was ineffective from 250K down to about 70K; measured at complete shut off, so I replaced the pot with a 100K linear pot. The circuit runs up to about 90% of full speed because the Triac doesn’t turn ON until the Diac conducts at around 30V; DB3 breakdown voltage. I used a Diac and a Triac different from the schematic, but locally available.
      Cf 220nF (replace 100nF)
      Lf 220uH
      Pot 100K linear (replace 500K)
      2 x 100nF
      1 x 1.8K 1W (replace 3.3K)
      1 x 15K
      Diac DB3 or KR206
      Triac BTA26-600B or KT207/400 or or BTA16-800B
      Rs 47 (replace 100)
      Cs 0.47uF 250V (replace 0.22uF 400V)

  • ArBiNd

    if my P1 is set to a fixed resistance R, will the motor speed be the same for different ac input e.g 220V & 190V?

  • Nikhil

    which triac and diac should I use for 2000W heater load,and also value of capacitor. provide ckt if possible

  • suleiman

    Why the diac , what is the function,

    • Jim Keith

      The DIAC is a triggering device –it blocks until the voltage across it exceeds about 28V –at this point, it breaks over and dumps the charge stored in C4 into the TRIAC gate. This provides a high current, fast rise time gate pulse.

  • pasan

    hi sir ……. ! this circuit can be drive 1hp or 2hp motors …?

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